Monetary Policy And Interest Rates - 1588 Words

this change is not always equal to the output of the change. This is called â€Å"Multipliers†. In this case we have Tax Multipliers and Government spending multipliers. If the government does not raise taxes and the consumer has more money to spend, normally that means he or she will spend more. However, there is a possibility that the consumer will spend some and save some of the money that they have based on lower taxes. The theory of Marginal Propensity to Consume or (MPC) is based on if and when the consumer will spend that extra money. Conversely, the Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) is based on the money that the same consumer is willing to save vs. put back into the economy. There are foreign language formulas that can depict various types of Multipliers, (GDP, TAX, Govt Spending) but for this document we will not touch on the related formulas. But trust me Ed, they are there. Monetary policy and interest rates As we learned in our Economics 545 class, the Government (our policy makers) is not the only entity that can manipulate the business cycle and our economic activities. There is an organization called the Federal Reserve Bank. (FRB) This was voted into law back in 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson. The mission of the FRB is to issue Federal Reserve notes, or legal tender better known to you and me, as the â€Å"All Mighty Dollar†. They also can issue bank notes. The Bottom line, the FRB controls how much money is put into the economy. They also have theShow MoreRelatedInterest Rates And Monetary Policy1712 Words   |  7 Pages An interest rate is the amount of profit that is earned over a period of time, the amount of interest acquired is proportional to how much is lent or borrowed. Interest rates give incentives for business and banks to borrow and lend money in order to stimulate the economic activity in any given country. Institutions lend money to borrowers up front in order to receive more money in the future. Some factors to consider when dealing with interest rates are the currency of the amount that is lentRead MoreInterest Rates : The Core Of The Monetary Policy1404 Words   |  6 PagesInterest rates are considered to be the core of the monetary policy set by economists and policy makers and that is applied by central banks to achieve certain economic objects regarding measures like inflation and output. In other words, interest rates are just means to influence dimensions of macroeconomic activity and central banks usually do not have any inherent preference for one interest rate level versus another. Empirical literature has revealed that changes in the supply of bank reservesRead MoreMonetary Policy Implications : Interest Rates2344 Words   |  10 PagesMonetary Policy Implications Interest Rates Domestically, financial conditions have generally eased since February 2015. Interest rates for borrowers were reduced broadly in line with the reduction in the cash rate in February and May. These rate cuts have been implemented to stimulate the sluggish economy in Australia, to increase investments, consumption and spending within the economy. The rates are currently at a historical low, with an accommodative expansionary monetary policy being implementedRead MoreInterest Rate Targeting Monetary Policy5764 Words   |  24 Pagesexamine the importance and impact of monetary policy which is being conducted by a central bank in the country. The analysis covers the target of monetary policy in Malaysia. It also compares two monetary policy (interbank interest rate) which was conducted by central bank of Malaysia and fed funds rate which was practiced by Federal Reserve Bank of New York. It concentrates further some factors that may have relation to changing in monetary policy. Base lending rate, BNM treasury bills and ringgit valueRead MoreThe Monetary Policy Is The Rule Of The Interest Rate And Money Supply Of A Country957 Words   |  4 PagesThe monetary policy is controlled by the Central Bank or Federal Reserve, it is the regulation of the interest rate and money supply of a country. â€Å"The Bank’s monetary policy objective is to deliver price stability – low inflation – and, subject to that, to support the Government’s economic objectives including those for growth and employment. Price stability is defined by the Government’s inflation target of 2%† (Bank of England). One of the most influential econometrics tools to define monetaryRead MoreWhy Monetary Policy Transmission Affects Economy Wide Interest Rates Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pages The RBA conducts monetary policy either by a contractionary policy, raising interest rates to fight high levels of inflation or an expansionary policy, reducing real interest rates to fight recession. The inverse relationship between real interest rates and household consumption as presumed by Keynesian model means, implementing either monetary policies will resolve in a transmission mechanism to interest rates and affect several components of PAE. How the overnight cash rate is successfully targetedRead MoreEssay on Monetary Policy1348 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Monetary policy is among the many tools used by a national government to manipulate its financial system. Monetary policy refers to the method used by the financial authority of any country to control the supply and availability of money (Woelfel, 1994). It is often targeted at interest rates to achieve lay down objectives directed towards economic growth and stability (Woelfel, 1994). Monetary policy rests on the link between interest rates in an economy, that is, the relationshipRead MoreMonetary and Fiscal Policy Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy Monetary policy is the mechanism of a country’s monetary authority (usually the central bank) controlling money in the economy so as to promote economic growth and stability by creating relatively stable prices and low unemployment. A monetary policy mainly deals with the supply of money, availability of money, cost of money and the rate of interest so as to attain a set of objectives aiming towards growth and stability of the economy. Monetary policy is said to be expansionaryRead MoreThe Quantity Theory Of Money And Taylor s Rules1497 Words   |  6 Pagesshould enter the monetary policy decision-making process†()that they appear to be on opposite ends of the spectrum on the issue of monetary policy rules. The quantity theory of money, as restated by Friedman, leads to a constant money growth rule. Monetarists believe that â€Å"variation in the money supply has major influences on national real output in the short run and the price level over longer periods, and that objectives of monetary policy are best met by targeting the growth rate of the money supplyRead MoreEssay on Economy: The Role of Monetary Policy1085 Words   |  5 PagesMonetary Policy Does monetary policy cause more problems than solutions? The control of the amount of money in circulation is of general essence to the economy in various ways. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) is approved to develop a monetary policy to control the rate of inflation, regulate the conduct of business and to control the economy through a steady economic growth by the government of the U.S.A. According to Taylor (2011), â€Å"Monetary policy is that involves altering the quantity of

An Analysis of Jonathan Swift and Martin Luther King Jr.’s...

In a satirical essay, Swift uses Rogerian strategy along with other rhetorical tactics such as specific diction, nuclear emphasis, and multiple double meanings to effectively surface the horrific treatment of the Irish by the English aristocracy. Rogerian strategy focuses on the â€Å"open exchange of ideas directed toward mutual understanding† with emphasis on conceding certain points to gain an understanding of the opposition and in doing so gain ground rather than losing it through a hostile exchange of right and wrong (Cooper/Patton 70). Swift carefully organized his essay so the audience, the English Aristocracy, would not recognize it as satire and dismiss it right away. Swift begins with a quasi-believable tone, one of an economist†¦show more content†¦As Swift offers his â€Å"Modest Proposal† we see how ridiculous it is to even fathom eating children but even worse making money off of it. But we still cannot characterize the essay as satirical because he has made no reference to change or exaggeration, the essential ingredients in determining if an essay is satirical. Swifts continues to employ Rogerian tactics to give the appearance of still being on the side of the English aristocracy. Swift specifically points out the fact that â€Å"the number of popish infants is at least three to one† and an advantage of his still serious proposal â€Å"will be the lessening of Papist among us† (Swift 300). Swift reduces the population from general to a specific religious affiliation and the use of the pronoun â€Å"us† still puts Swift on the English side. Now that Swift has established a mutual understanding he moves to make a suggestion. After stating his computation of nursing a beggar’s child and the amount a â€Å"gentlemen† would pay for this child he states â€Å"the squire will learn to be a good landlord, and grow popular among the tenants† (Swift 300). Swift subtly suggests up to this point the squires are not good landlords and not favored among tenants. According to the Rogerian strategy, if Swift were to come right out and say this without the use of concessions the English would have a more hostile attitude, but instead a re more apt to consider his point. This marks Swift’s first attempt at bringing out a larger issue;Show MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesChristian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · a person s fate is determined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reason

Orientation day at Seneca Free Essays

This article is based on students who participated in Seneca College Orientation. It was a big success because everyone learned so much about their courses and everyone had fun. This orientation was for new students attending Seneca College, there are different departments of studies that were introduced. We will write a custom essay sample on Orientation day at Seneca or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, the president of Seneca College, David Jones welcomed students by his speech then after that, the president had every student in every department come up on the stage so that he could personally welcome everyone and give the students a pin. Along with some of the board members, everyone shook hands and personally greeted each other a welcome aboard greeting. Everyone was amazed by the start of this formal ceremony. After the welcome greeting, the president introduced Ms. Erin Grant, Alumni and also the Valedictorian of her school year. She was thrilled to be called on to greet the new students. She shared some quotes to encourage the new students and told them not to worry about negative things because hard work is the key to success. It created a nice atmosphere among the students, because it took some pressure off their shoulders. After she delivered her lovely speech, the president and the board members left the gymnasium while the students remained in their seats waiting for their department of study to be called down so that they can meet with the faculty members so that they can discuss further details about the courses with their future students. The faculty discussed what the courses were about and what the expectations on each of them were. They gave out a lot of informations to help the students know what they are entering into. The discussion ended and everyone enjoyed a delicious lunch on Seneca grounds. It was an unforgettable Orientation day at Seneca. How to cite Orientation day at Seneca, Papers

English Presentation - Presentation Tips for Public Speaking free essay sample

Public Speaking We are going to treat the three most Important aspects which you should keep In mind when preparing and giving presentations. These are audience, tone and attitude. Lets start with audience. You have to know your audience, in order to match the information you are giving to their needs and interests. To do this, you could use a specific language or specific words. For instance, you could use Jargon to make your knowledge of the topic clear to the audience. By doing this you will get closer to the audience and they will be ore interested.Also changing your usage of words (more or less formal) can help the audience to remain Interested in the presentation. The material you present should be clear and In a logical order. Start with an Introduction, then discuss the body and finally state your conclusion. Another thing that Is really important Is to know what you are talking about. We will write a custom essay sample on English Presentation Presentation Tips for Public Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even If you are not quite sure, make It seem Like you are. Stay positive and enthusiastic and speak with conviction, which means you really believe the things you are saying. This bring us to our next point: attitude.Attitude can make or break your presentation, because if YOU do not come across confident and sure about the things you say, the audience immediately relates this to the material you are discussing. You can prevent this by doing the following: First of all your appearance is important. Dress appropriately, do not put your hands in your pockets and stand up straight. Standing, walking and using hand gestures Is preferred to sitting down or looking down at your paper all the time. Do not talk as If you are bored and do not mumble, this way people wont take you seriously. Second, body language. Try to come across relaxed. Even If you are nervous, talk slowly and focus on what you are saying rather than thinking about what could go wrong. Look pleasant, relaxed and smile sometimes. This will make your presentation appear more professional and smooth. Act appropriate when your topic is very serious. Finally, communicate with the audience. Again, try not to look down all the time or turn your back to the audience when reading from the Powering. Use the 3-second method, which is look straight into the eyes of a person in the public for 3 seconds.Communication is very important. Pause sometimes to allow yourself and the audience some time to reflect and think. Lets now move on to tone Every topic and every audience requires a different tone. As said before, when nonchalant about it. However, in every presentation it is important to speak with confidence and conviction. It is useful to start your presentation with an attention- grabber and end it with a remarkable fact. Also try to vary the tone of your voice and traumatized when necessary. Another thing you could do to maintain the audiences Ochs is to use signpost language.Signpost language guides the listener through the presentation, by alerting them when moving on to the next topic and to indicate what is coming up next. Examples are: Id like to begin by , moving on to , lets now look at. , why is this important? , to conclude Etcetera. Use humor when appropriate to keep the audience interested. Keep in mind, the more interesting and entertaining the presentation, the easier it is to endure and the more people will remember of what was being told during the presentation.

December 19 , 2017 Essays - Identity Documents, Government, Passport

December 19 , 2017 Efficiently Getting a Passport Traveling around the world is not as traveling in your home country . Many people may want to travel out of their countries for different purposes like vacation, tourism , curative , job, or immigration . In local traveling, you often use ID for showing your identity. Countries' governments have established passports as they are travel documents that certify the identities and nationalities of their holders. Although some people think the process of getting a passport is complicated, it can be easier and faster getting a passport by gathering required documents , preparing application and fees , and attending interview . Gathering required documents is the first step to efficiently get a passport . Documents like birth certificate and estate ID . They have to be original copies , otherwise they will reject. Attach with the original copies black white copies for all documents and two passport photos for you. My friend lost the original copy of the birth certificate so the USCIS informed him to apply for a birth certificate then he could come back to apply for a passport. Preparing application and fees is the second step to apply for a passport. Passport application is free and you can download it online then print it out or go in person to any post office and obtain one for free. Application should be filled with the correct and exact data as in birth certificate and it must not be singed. My cousin forgot to read the application instruction as he applied for a passport for the first time and signed the application. This led to that USCIS reject his application and asked him to start over again with new application . Attached the cash money or check with the application. Find Post office nearby and submit all documents in person. The post office clerk will give you back the original copies after he confirms them. Collecting all needed documents is the first thing you should do. Attending an interview appointment is the last step to efficiently get a passport . After USCIS reviewing your documents and confirm s your eligibility , it will schedule you for an interview appointment. You should be prepared and organized. There will be so easy questions and you will be asked to do fingers print. After all that you will be notified with the date that you will be received your passport. USCIS sometimes takes four to six weeks to print your passport, so you should apply for a passport weeks earlier from your trip. While some people think procedures of getting passport are hard and confusing , it can be efficiently easy by gathering required documents, preparing application an d fees, and attending interview . Some people said that they didn't need passports but unexpected things happened and they changed their minds. They needed to be more extra fees for expedite the process of issuing passports. Resources: https://www.usps.com/international/passports.htm

Roman Lares, Larvae, Lemures, and Manes

Roman Lares, Larvae, Lemures, and Manes The ancient Romans believed that after death their souls became spirits or shades of the dead. There is some debate about the nature of Roman shades or spirits (aka ghosts). The theologian Augustine Bishop of Hippo (A.D. 354 - 430), who died when Vandals attacked Roman Africa, wrote about the Roman shades a few centuries after most of the literary, pagan Latin references to such spirits. Horace (65-8 B.C.) Epistles 2.2.209:​nocturnos lemures portentaque Thessala rides?)Do you laugh at dreams, miracles, magical terrors,Witches, ghosts in the night, and Thessalian portents?Kline translationOvid (43 B.C.-A.D. 17/18) Fasti 5.421ff:ritus erit veteris, nocturna Lemuria, sacri:inferias tacitis manibus illa dabunt.It will be the ancient sacred rites of the Lemuria,When we make offerings to the voiceless spirits. (Note that Constantine, the first Christian emperor of Rome died in 337.) St. Augustine on the Spirits of the Dead: Lemures and Demon: [Plotinus (3rd century A.D.)] says, indeed, that the souls of men are demons, and that men become Lares if they are good, Lemures or Larvae if they are bad, and Manes if it is uncertain whether they deserve well or ill. Who does not see at a glance that this is a mere whirlpool sucking men to moral destruction? For, however wicked men have been, if they suppose they shall become Larvae or divine Manes, they will become the worse the more love they have for inflicting injury; for, as the Larvae are hurtful demons made out of wicked men, these men must suppose that after death they will be invoked with sacrifices and divine honors that they may inflict injuries. But this question we must not pursue. He also states that the blessed are called in Greek eudaimones, because they are good souls, that is to say, good demons, confirming his opinion that the souls of men are demons. From Chapter 11. City of God, by St. Augustine, Augustine says there were the following different types of spirits of the dead: Lares if good,Lemures (larvae) if evil, andManes if indeterminate. Another Interpretation of the Lemures - Haunting Spirits: Instead of being evil spirits, the lemures (larvae) may have been souls that could find no rest because, having met with a violent or premature death, they were unhappy. They wandered among the living, haunting people and driving them to madness. This corresponds with modern tales about the ghosts in haunted houses. Lemuria - Festivals to Placate the Lemures: No sane Roman wanted to be haunted, so they held ceremonies to satisfy the spirits. The lemures (larvae) were propitiated during the 9-day festival in May named Lemuria after them. At the Parentalia or Feralia on the 18th and 21st of February, living descendants shared a meal with the benevolent spirits of their ancestral (manes or di parentes). Ovid (43 B.C. – A.D. 17) on the Lemures and Manes: Almost four centuries before the Christian St. Augustine wrote about pagan beliefs in shades, the Romans were honoring their ancestors and writing about the ceremonies. At the time, there was already uncertainty about the origins of placating festivals. In Ovids Fasti 5.422, the Manes and Lemures are synonymous and both hostile, in need of exorcism via the Lemuria. Ovid incorrectly derives the Lemuria from Remuria, saying it was to placate Remus, the brother of Romulus. Larvae and Lemures: Usually considered the same, not all ancient authors considered the Larvae and Lemures identical. In the Apocolocyntosis 9.3 (about the deification of  Emperor Claudius, attributed to Seneca) and Plinys Natural History, Larvae are tormentors of the dead. Manes: The Manes (in the plural) were originally good spirits. Their name was usually placed with the word for gods, di, as in Di manes. Manes came to be used for the ghosts of individuals. The first writer to do so is Julius and Augustus Caesars contemporary Cicero (106 - 43 B.C.). Reference: Aeneas and the Demands of the Dead, by Kristina P. Nielson. The Classical Journal, Vol. 79, No. 3. (Feb. - Mar. 1984). Also see Aeneid in the Realm of Hades Odysseus in the Underworld - Nekuia Ovid Fasti 5.421ff Judgment of the Dead in the Egyptian Afterlife Lemures and Larvae, by George Thaniel The American Journal of Philology. Vol. 94, No. 2 (Summer, 1973), pp. 182-187

Factors of Stress among International Students in University of South Essay

Factors of Stress among International Students in University of South - Essay Example The universities in Western countries like UK, Australia, USA or Canada are considered as a hub of providing state of the art facilities to its students and educate them in a manner that they become more competitive in the employment arena as compared to students seeking education in their local national universities (Poyrazil et al., 2011). This is because of the low standards followed by local national universities or macroeconomic factors that have a direct impact on educational institutions weakening the education system. For this reason, Western universities attract thousands of international students who are looking for sophisticated knowledge management mechanisms and technologically driven education delivery systems. The international students’ population in the USA, UK, and Australia has increased greatly in the last two decades due to strength in purchasing power in emerging economies across the globe (Yan & Berliner, 2011). The trend of growth or an increase in the number of enrolment of international students in foreign universities reflects that the number of students is likely to continue to grow in the coming years (Eustace, 2007). It is evident that international students complete their studies in foreign countries with ease however, they still they need to cope up with challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, and financial obstacles etc. These factors contribute to the overall feeling of being lost or left out that international students face when they move to another country for seeking education. In addition to these factors, another major hurdle is the lack of confidence amongst the international students, which stems from the differences in social interaction norms followed by the local students and international students (Sandhu & Asrabadi, 1994). On the whole, these stressors might become so severe that they start to affect international students’ academic and personal lives, which in return affect their e fforts to become part of the new cultural settings that they are not familiar with. As a result, the happiness level of being in a foreign country and alone reduces which contributes to the reduction in the morale and results in sadness or disappointment (Yeh & Inose, 2003). Considering this background, the current research work focuses on understanding whether or not international students experience stress en route to completing their studies in foreign countries.

Qualitative Assesment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualitative Assesment - Assignment Example Themes represent patterned responses from the data in relation to the research topic and mostly occur severally in the data set (Guest, 2012). This study aims at conducting a thematic analysis of qualitative data from in-depth interviews of passengers view on airport security of an international airline company and presents it for information generation and decision making by the management. All the passengers interviewed believed that the heightened security at the airports have increased delays at the airport. Passengers feel that the heightened measures aimed at augmenting security hamper their plans of boarding planes on time. This is despite three of the passengers blaming it on the security personnel and security measures done by the airports while one passenger blaming the passengers who lack cooperation and understanding of the security system at the airport for the delays experienced at the airports. It is evident that the main concern for all the passengers in relation to security measures at the airport is delays. Four of the five interviewees believe that there is excess security at the airports hindering and hampering the access to personal freedom rights and infringing on the passengers personal space. They feel that there is a need of the security personnel to reduce the chances of search of passengers luggage without permission and if his has to be done to be done in a humanly manner to ensure the passengers understand that the heightened security is for their personal good owing to high security concerns at the airport. Some of them believe that the full body scans could have excess radiation that may have a negative impact o their health raising the feeling of excessive security at airports. Three of the five passengers interviewed feel that there is an increase in the safety of the passengers due to the heightened security

Entrepreneurial Marketing Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entrepreneurial Marketing Business Plan - Essay Example OZ Tube operates exclusively in the south-east Queensland and Brisbane. In this regard, most of the contents are meant for the local population. OZ Tube directs all its hospitality content to the youth population in these two areas. OZ Tube productions works articulately with hospitality premises and other recreational destinations in producing tailor-made video content that responds to the preferences held by the youth (Tunji, 2011). In addition, OZ Tube website provides updates on a 24/7 basis on what is happening within the local hospitality venues and any other related recreational event. All the promotional programs and videos produced by this company changes swiftly with times due to changes in the required content of the advertisement episodes in videos and in the internet. At this juncture, we can appraise the context of a dynamic process whereby OZ Tube is planning to create a new TV program named The Pulse (Tunji, 2011). Just like any other video programs hosted by OZ Tube, The Pulse carries the contents of hospitality and tourism events and venues. This is one of the contemporary TV programs aimed at facilitating delivery of promotional contents to the target generation. The Pulse will revolve around the aspect of entertainment, travel ways and recreational places. Video contents covered in the episodes aims at highlighting the main messages regarding these places at any given time. This TV program still targets the youth population of Brisbane and south-east Queensland. In this regard, the program communicates the major events happening in entertainment places and recreational facilities to the local population and in a timely manner (Frederick, 2009). In the context of entertainment, this TV program covers contents relating to any local entertainment events happening within a certain timeframe or even which theatres show whichever blockbuster movie in the market at that time. In this regard, the company’s management behind the creation and i mplementation of The Pulse requires a business plan. This business plan will serve as an indicator of the present and future state of affairs with respect to the company’s business expectations on the plan. The plan also serves to indicate fundamental aspects like financial forecasts and risks involved in the process (Frederick, 2009). Just like any other business activity, The Pulse will undergo a financial evaluation meant to test the project’s feasibility. A project is feasible if the expected results conform to the subject company’s objectives. In order to ascertain the feasibility of the project with respect to financial terms, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive financial analysis. In addition, the feasibility decision will be backed up by information concerning risk evaluation of the underlying project. One of the financial statement the will serve as a appropriate tool in the project’s financial analysis is the balance sheet. The companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s balance sheet reflects the current assets and liabilities that pertains the business and financial statements of the underlying project. This balance sheet guides the interested stakeholders, especially external financers like the sponsors in availing funds to the Pulse. The pulse aims at producing 13 weekly episodes. Therefore, successful production of these episodes need substantial amount of finances. Financial ratios

Disruptive Technologies And The Innovation Dilemma

Disruptive Technologies And The Innovation Dilemma Disruptive technology was first introduced in Clayton Christensen article Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave (1995) which was co-wrote with Joseph Bower. [1] In view of business and technology fields, as discussed by Clayton Christensen, disruptive technology is a technology initially in a form of simple application, then improves and dominates dramatically in the markets, where the markets do not expect. Disruptive technology typically improves in a way that by being lower priced and designed for various disciplines of consumers. [2] Instead of allowing consumers with lots of money or lots of skills to use it, disruptive technology is designed in which allow whole new population of consumers to use it, access its services. [3] For leaders of the existing markets, disruptive technology makes potential threats on them. It is because it competes with the existing leaders of the market in such an unexpected trend. Leaders of the existing markets sometimes fail to compete with disruptive technology since they do not expect disruptive technology can improve and dominate dramatically in the markets. Generally, disruptive technology dominates the existing markets by moving into a new market where the older technology fails to follow. In additional, it enhances and makes improvements in its performance until finally displace the market incumbents. [2] There are lots of examples of disruptive technology such as personal computers, digital memory cards, digital photography, and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD). Personal computers displaced the original mainframes computers. The dominant of digital memory cards has displaced the floppy disks which were widely used in the past. [4] Endnotes: [1] Bower, Joseph L. Christensen, Clayton M. (1995). Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave Harvard Business Review, January-February 1995 [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Disruptive Technology (accessed on 6 January 2010) [3] http://www.claytonchristensen.com (accessed on 6 January 2010) [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Examples of disruptive innovations (accessed on 6 January 2010) What is sustainable technology? How does it differ from disruptive technology? (1/2 to one page) Sustainable technology improves established products performance without replacing them. Sustainable technology is usually developed by well-established company which usually holds a leadership position in the corresponding industries. Generally, most of the new technologies and innovations improve the performance of products. The term sustainable technology was introduced by Clayton Christensen in 2003: What all sustaining technologies have in common is that they improve the performance that mainstream customers in major markets have historically valued. [1] In general, sustainable technology does not create side effect on the existing markets. Sustainable technology can be classified into two categories: Revolutionary or Evolutionary. For Revolutionary technology, customers are allowed to deal with a problem in a radically mean while for Evolutionary technology, products in an existing market are improved in such ways that customers are expecting. [2] Sustainable technology aims to sustain the organizations focus, and sustainable technology usually satisfies current customers needs, while disruptive technology does not initially improve the focus of an organization. They sometimes do not have a market when they are created. In view of the difference between incumbents and entrants in terms of technology adoption, since sustainable technologies are well established together with the domination of strong players in their markets, an entrant may choose to begin with alternative technologies. Besides, disruptive technologies have lower gross margins, smaller size of target markets and simpler products, which allow them to carry out by either firm. [3] Nevertheless, when compared to disruptive technology, products of sustainable technology are usually regarded as too expensive to be adopted and preferred instead of too cheap that no one want to adopt and prefer. [4] Endnotes: [1] Christensen C. 2003. The Innovators Dilemma, Harper Collins Press [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia (accessed on 7 January 2010) [3] http://www.claytonchristensen.com (accessed on 6 January 2010) [4] Xiao Huang Greys Sosic 2008. Sustaining vs. Disruptive Technology: Industry Equilibrium under Technology Evolution, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 Managers in successful, on-going business are more comfortable with which type of technology disruptive or sustainable? Explain your answer. Illustrate it with examples. (One page) Instead of disruptive technology, sustainable technology which serves the present customers and puts emphasis on incremental improvements is more comfortable to develop and maintain from the point of views of managers who are doing on-going and successful business. Since the majority of advances are sustainable technologies, with the established technologies, developed good reputation of the organizations and relationship with the customers in the mainstream markets, it is no doubt that managers in on-going business will feel more comfortable in those sustainable technologies. [1] In the mainstream markets, there are enough suppliers willing to develop and support the new technology and customers to buy it. In the computer industry, as a manager of Intel Corporation, it is more comfortable for them to perform continuous advancement on the processing power of Intels integrated chips as a sustainable technology since there are enough suppliers such as Tenco Electronics Co. and IT Market Web to support their development and large groups of mainstream customers to buy them. [2] As a manager in an organization, a stable and sustainable market is preferred. In the healthcare industry, applications which are used to manage the assets and traditional supply chain are usually considered as sustainable applications. It is nothing but the improvements and enhancements in the existing processes for the mainstream customers such as the large hospitals. Suppliers of these applications include the large hospital suppliers and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) consultants. [3] With the large supports behind, managers are much used to prefer sustainable technology. Sometimes, if an organization chooses to adopt disruptive technologies instead of sustainable technologies, rapid technology improvements may overshoot the mainstream markets. This is a significant perplexing problem for a manager in an organization. Taking the producer of graphics cards Nvidia as an example, the development of technologies and products were good initially. [4] However, a large difference to their customers requirement was finally reached when the number of polygons rendered per second was increased rapidly every successive improvement. From the perspective of managers in an on-going, successful business, sustainable technology is more preferred in general. Endnotes: [1] http://www.hartnall.com (accessed on 9 January 2010) [2] http://www.alibaba.com/suppliers/Intel (accessed on 9 January 2010) [3] Karen Crooker, Dirk Baldwin, Suresh Chalasani, RFID Technology: Applications in the Healthcare Industry, European Journal of Scientific Research, 2009 [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Nvidia (accessed on 9 January 2010) What does Christensen mean when he asserts that many great companies went out of business because they were too focused on satisfying their customers stated needs? How can the example of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) be used to illustrate this point? Explain your answer. Illustrate with additional examples. (1 2 Pages) Many great companies were too focused on satisfying their customers stated needs, actually, they do not have much difficulties on succeeding this objective in order to develop their sustainable technology. It is hardly for managers in a good business to pursue in worse margins. But this is the problem, they were too focused on their high-end markets and the low-end disruptive technologies markets sometimes do not make sense to them. Thats why DECs leaders and engineers viewed PCs as underpowered toys. However, DEC finally went out of business. [1] DECs PDP and VAX products were considered the most popular minicomputers for both scientific and engineering industries during the 1970s and 1980s. [2] Their management team was considered as the best team in the industry. However, the emergence of microcomputers had destroyed DEC finally. This was the problem of their business model. The mainstream market for DEC was customers who brought high-end minicomputers at high margins. These computers were wealth to buy powerful computers. In contrast of DECs minicomputers, microcomputers were mass produced to customers who were expected to use low-cost computers with little help from the manufacturers at low margins. Initially, microcomputers could not meet the high-end markets but over a successive improvement, they met the most demanding markets. The reason of the collapse of DEC rather than the microcomputers corporations such as Apple, Dell was that DEC was too focused on their high-end markets and could not develop new markets for their products. DEC was forced by those microcomputers corporations to concentrate on their high-ends markets and customers in which the margins were considered as better and more profitable. However, after improvement of microcomputers performance, most of the microcomputers could do the most jobs as well as the minicomputers did. The dream of DEC was finally over and the most-demanding market was low cost microcomputers ultimately. [3] The other example was Eastman Kodak which missed out the digital photography revolution. In the past, Kodak dominated the chemically based photographic process markets. Their only competitor was the Japanese company, Fuji, but actually did not make too much threat to Kodak at that moment. In the past, Kodak had put hundreds millions of dollars into a chemically based system which focused on satisfying their mainstream customers needs. Nevertheless, an emergence of a disruptive technology digital photography revolution had made a huge punch to Kodak chemically based photographic process business. Digital photography technology was created in Japan. When the first Japanese VHS and Betamax camera systems were available in the markets, Kodaks Polaroid chemically based system no longer made sense when compared to digital photography. Nevertheless, Kodaks did nothing and tried to ignore this tidal wave approaching on them. Finally, they missed the chance of digital photography revolution and lost hundreds millions of dollars of investment which was equivalent to billions dollars today. [4] Although digital photography was developed finally in Kodak nowadays, Kodak had to pay a huge price for their delay in digital photography revolution. The digital transformation required a series of layoffs and facilities closure, cutting 12,000-15,000 jobs around the world. A 20%-25% reduction in its workforce was happened since 2000. [5] In conclusion, refer to Christensen and the examples of DEC and Kodak illustrated in the previous paragraphs it is not a good practice for successful, on-going companies too focused on satisfying their existing customers stated needs. They should develop their wider field of views into a new market and make significant preparation to resist the tidal wave from others disruptive technologies. Endnotes: [1] http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/bulletin/1999/april/qanda.html (accessed on 10 January 2010) [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Digital Equipment Corporation (accessed on 10 January 2010) [3] http://www.datasentinel.com/files/dataSentinel (accessed on 10 January 2010) [4] http://www.articlesbase.com/, Stock Research Eastman Kodak And The Power Of Disruptive Technologies (accessed on 10 January 2010) [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Eastman Kodak (accessed on 10 January 2010) Explain how lowly disruptive technologies can ultimately surpass successful existing dominant technologies in sales, technical capability, and profitability. Illustrate your answer, using either the example of computer disk technology, power shovel technology, or steel production technology. (1 2 pages) In low-end disruptive technologies, at the beginning, disrupters aim to serve the least profitable customers who are satisfactory with good enough products. These types of customers do not intend to pay lots in improving the functionality of the products. Later, the disrupters try to improve their profit margin by seeking customers who are going to pay little more for better quality of the products. Therefore, the disrupters are required to innovate. It is common for incumbents try to be away from not so profitable margin and move to serve more attractive customers. After successive encounters, the incumbents are pressed out into a smaller market. Finally, the disrupters reach the most profitable markets and expel the established organizations out of the markets. [1] Taking computer disk drives technology as an example, NAND Flash is a typical low-end disruptive technology. [2] NAND Flash has a great impact on computer storage business in view of technical and economic aspects. For the purpose of low storage application, FAND Flash is actually cheaper than the hard disk drives. In terms of random I/O operations, FAND Flash has a higher performance than hard disk drives. A single NAND SSD can have a 10-30K random I/O operations per second (IOPS), while a single hard disk drive can only have 250 IOPS. At the markets where customers interest in low storage capacity rather than high storage capacity, FAND Flash is much more cost effective than hard disk drives. In order words, FAND Flash has squeezed hard disk drives out of the low-storage business market. The cost of mechanical components of a hard disk is around $20, while the disk controller costs around $3. [2] The smallest capacity of a hard disk is a single platter and additional platters provide incremental capacity. Say, the smallest capacity platter of a modern 2.5 hard disk drive is 160GB and capacity will increase over time when technical capabilities improve. The cost of a single NAND Flash chip is generally between $1 and $8, depending on performance and density. Currently, a 4GB NAND chip using multi-level cells (MLC) costs around $7 while the controller is the same of that in hard disk drives. [2] For certain capacities, say lower storage capacity, NAND Flash actually costs less than the minimum cost of a hard disk drive. This is the reason behind why USB storage drives usually adopt the use of NAND Flash. Now, it can be explained that below the cross-over point, FAND Flash is much more cost effective while above the cross-over point, hard disk drives are much more cost effective. However, it is of great importance that we should be noticed that the shifting of the cross-over point towards a higher storage capacities. Moores law has a long history in the application of computer hardware. The capabilities of many electronic devices are strongly related to Moores law, such as the storage capacity. [3] NAND Flash which is made of semiconductor is benefited from Moores law. With the improvement of performance of semiconductor, the storage capacity of FAND Flash has exponentially increased, and so the hard disk drives do. Therefore, FAND Flash will not squeezed hard disk drives out of high-storage capacity. Nevertheless, the cross-over point is moving towards a higher storage capacity, say today it is around 16GB but four years later, it is around 64GB, and eight years later, the cross-over point might even reach to around 400GB. [2] As a result, the low-end market of FAND Flash is expanding continuously. The markets below the cross-over point of FAND Flash are expanding while putting the markets of hard disk drives below cross-over point into pressure and diminished. It gives us an implication that wh en the cross-over point exceeds the amount of storage capacity needed, people will move to buy the cheaper one computer memory storage disk, that is the FAND Flash. Therefore, hard disk drives will finally be out of business. In conclusion, taking the example of FAND Flash and hard disk drives in computer disk technology, low-end disruptive technologies can ultimately surpass successful existing dominant technologies. Endnotes: [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Disruptive Technology (accessed on 12 January 2010) [2] http://www.realworldtech.com/, NAND Flash: A Classic Disruptive Technology by David Kanter, 30th December 2009 (accessed on 12 January 2010) [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/, Wikipedia, Moores law (accessed on 12 January 2010) For each of the following categories of employees in a successful company, explain why individuals in these categories are reluctant to champion disruptive technologies in their organization: Senior executive (1/2 to one page) Middle managers (1/2 to one page) Sales people (1/2 to one page) Senior executive From the point of views of senior executives, the change of the developed mature organizational structures is irrelevant and they found difficult in changing their mature organizational structures. A director in a global grocery business said that: One of the most difficult challenges I face is going into the board room and asking for changes in our operations and structures, since the original manuals were written by three main board members about 15 years ago. [1] In additional, when consider the investment of new technology, senior executives have to ensure that the investment in new technology is appropriate. This technology should keep track with the current technological systems. It is a difficult task for senior executives to write off previous investment and invest into a new technology. However, it is the most important decision they have to make. Middle managers In a maturing organization, middle managers usually tend to become too comfortable on their normal works. They are not willing to champion disruptive technologies since it is not worth for them to taking risks outside their comfort zone. They are not willing to champion disruptive technologies since it is not worth for them to take risks outside their comfort zone. Most of the middle managers are too focused within their disciplines to give their work assignments. They are not willing to take risks to identify ideas or technologies outside their disciplines. In additional, they find that it is of a great challenge to manage and lead an interdisciplinary team. [1] In a maturing organization, since the knowledge has been accumulated for many years, this knowledge developed from past experiences is the routines and behaviors for middle managers to follow. From the point of views of middle managers, it does not make any sense to discard this knowledge. Middle managers are usually unwilling to get rid of their routines and behaviors. Sales people Similarly, sales people in a maturing organization are reluctant to champion disruptive technologies in their organization. As they are used to sell their products and technologies based on their major disciplines, it is not comfortable and does not make sense to sell new technologies to customers who are out of their current disciplines. [2] A well and stable relationship between sales people and clients is developed and established in a maturing organization, it is difficult for them to sell new technologies or the unexpected disruptive technologies to their long-term customers without support indeed. From the point of views of sales people, disruptive technologies are new technologies which are required to explore a new market of customers. As a sales people, they are reluctant to develop relationship with an unexpected group of customers, sometimes, it is difficult for them to find new customers if the disruptive technologies are not successful. They do not want to take risk to explore into those unexpected region. Endnotes: [1] http://www.allbusiness.com (accessed on 15 January 2010) [2] Albert Harold Rubenstein, Eliezer Geisler, Installing and managing workable knowledge management systems, Greenwood Publishing Group 2003 What can organizations do to encourage the fostering of disruptive technologies? (One page) From the management point of views, there are several managerial recommendations for organizations to encourage the fostering of disruptive technologies. These recommendations for organizations are discussed in the following paragraphs. First, it is of great importance for organizations to know that options are not limited. Organizations should not be fixed in the ground, where just fulfill their current customers needs. They should keep searching for options, although taking the chances randomly is a little bit risky. However, taking the opposite point of views, it is worth to keep discover options to defend the threats from other disruptive technologies. [1] Second, a knowledge-based organization must be developed continually in nowadays markets. Organizations should look further, be proactive and have a wider sight of views. The internal and external environments in an organization should be closely monitored. Once there is a sudden change or threat come from, the organization can respond to the change appropriately for both internal and external environments. Executive management should be dynamic, keep track with the change of business ecosystem such that they can set up the proper and latest organizational strategies to guide the organizations. [1] The third focus is the organizations structure which has a great impact on how the firm can respond to change appropriately. Actually, organization structure is the most important factor to determine the operation of a business. A well executive leadership and management plans can hardly succeed if there is no flexible organization structure which responds and adopts effectively and efficiently to the changes. [1] Leaders at the executive level should have a clear mind on the organization structures and the implications of that structure in order to develop and foster a disruptive technology successfully, enhance the competitiveness of the organization in the markets. In additional, it is important to analyze the relationship between radical research and the established business units. Establishing some distance between these two is critical. Organizations should aware that there is a potential risk of creating a sustainable product instead of a disruptive product, if the business units are allowed to affect the end product too much. [1] Eventually, according to Bower and Christensens article, Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave, a potential disruptive technology is sometimes considered as unpleasant by traditional project management systems. [2] Therefore, the systems should encourage employees to have a wider sight of view. Employees at all levels of the organizations should be interested about advance technologies for both inside and outside their industries. In order to be successful, goals and values should be incorporated into the organizations guiding principles. Endnotes: [1] Dr. LEE, TERADYNE CASE, BUSA 541. The JKF Group, 12th October 2002 [2] Bower, Joseph L. Christensen, Clayton M. (1995). Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave Harvard Business Review, January-February 1995 Essay Lets say you have been asked to write a book review of The Innovators Dilemma by a leading scholarly business journal. This should be an in-depth review of roughly five pages length (single space). In the review, you should do the following: Highlight key points raised by Christensen Discuss how Christensens views are revolutionary, in the sense that they go against much of what we have been taught by business schools (e.g., Do all you can to satisfy the customer) Discuss how Christensens insights reveal a major reason that organizations resist change Discuss possible weaknesses of Christensens approach for example, are there technologies and/or areas of business and government where his viewpoints dont make sense? (Hint: The answer is yes.) Use the book review as an opportunity to showcase your personal views (the best book reviews always do this) A book review on Clayton Christensens book, The Innovators Dilemma In this book, Christensen has highlighted some key points regarding the term disruptive technologies. Sometimes, it could be called disruptive innovations. Disruptive technologies or innovations were considered as technologies or innovations overturning the existing order in an industry. Initially, customers who were not served by the current market were the main target of disruptive technologies and innovations. Under successive capacity or performance improvements, the low-end innovations squeezed out the incumbents in the mainstream markets. Christensen criticized incumbents were not sensitive to the disruptive technologies and incumbents usually focused on satisfying the needs of their mainstream customers. In general, incumbents did not respond sensitively to resist the threat brought from others disruptive technologies until it were too late to do anything, say an organization finally went out of business. Sometimes, managers were not comfortable and not interested in those low margins. They were not willing to develop disruptive technologies or innovations as they considered exploring a new market was taking a risk. Christensen have explained the reason behind why organizations collapsed and failed in their business in spite of being the top position in the markets, having the ability to develop the best and capable sustainable innovations and technologies in their industries. This is a problem of their business model. Sustainable technologies improvement was not the reason for the leaders went out of business in an industry. At the time being, they developed their ability and capability to compete in their high-end market. Nevertheless, it was mentioned by Christensen that these were sustainable technologies and innovations which were already utilized by the best organizations in the industries. Following an s-curve, improving performance was already expected by their customers. With the well established relationships with clients, well developed reputation, sufficient money and more advance technological power in the market, leaders usually did not fail. Until the emergence of disruptive technologies, the story had changed. Disruptive technologies were even a nightmare of managers. In the contrary, disruptive technologies are so much cheaper, where they explored and opened a new market in which the mainstream incumbents did not consider to explore. But at the moment the rate of improvement of performance of the disruptive technologies and innovations exceeds the users demands, they surpassed the high-end and mainstream technologies and innovations ultimately. Christensens views were revolutionary in view of technological and innovative business. He mentioned that great firms succeeded because they listened to their customers needs and invested aggressively in the technologies and innovations. Nevertheless, at the mean time, great firms failed with the same reason, listened to their customers and put their great effort to satisfy their customers. It was revolutionary compared to the traditional concept of business schools, which sold the concept of doing all the best to satisfy your customers. Christensen did research on the history of disk drive industry. He showed the reasons behind why the leading established drive markers were unable to reach the 8-inch drive market. It is because of the delay of strategic commitment to enter into the emerging market. Christensens insights had revealed a major reason why great established firms in the markets resist to changes. Christensen had mentioned that since established organizations structure and groups working together were facilitating the design of its dominant technologies and innovations, the organizations structure and the groups learning to work together could be affected and could not design new products. Organizations required very different technological capabilities called radical change. Actually, established firms were sensitive, aggressive and innovative in terms of their sustainable technologies and innovations. But the reasons why they resisted changes were the problem of downward vision and mobility in terms of Christensens trajectory map. Finding changes and new technologies markets for each of the firms seemed to appear once when they were first established and then apparently lost finally. This resistance to changes kept going continuously. Despite there were much supportive commentaries on Christensens approach regarding the issue on disruptive technologies and innovations, but nothing is perfect. There were some weaknesses of his approach. It seemed that Christensens view did not consider the overall socio-political environment and human factors in reality. In this book, the large integrated steel mills industries displaced by those mini-mills steel industries was taken as an example by Christensen. Christensen put emphasis on how mini-mill first entering into the low margin markets and then squeezed out the integrated mills when mini-mill technology, performance and quality improved. Nevertheless, the relieving effects of labor-management relationships were not considered in this case by Christensen. He did not consider if the unions want to accept new labor rules requiring more flexible job descriptions. Whether management willing to adjust pay scales with workers who were trained in and able to perform jobs was not considered. However, obviously, Christensen did not consider the effects of labor-management relationships. Moreover, for the example of replacement of steam shoves by hydraulically operated equipment, one question should be asked, Were labor unions, and management, averse to retraining equipment operators who had many yea rs invested in becoming adept in operation and use of, a particular technology? In general, in view of human nature, people approached to keep away from changes, especially unexpected changes from disruptive technologies. However, disruptive technologies required people to accept and adopt the changes. It did not a must for people being reluctant to disruptive technology. There were small portions of people who chasing the latest technologies and placed cost into lower level of consideration. These were the first groups of people to accept disruptive technologies. Taking personal computers as an example, actually, they were expensive and did not have too many functions when they were first introduced in 1970s. (Wikipedia, 2010) Most people did not recognize the use of personal computers at home. But with those groups of people who like chasing the latest technologies, eventually, prices went down and performance of personal computers climbed up. Ultimately, people began to use personal computers in home and workplaces. Christensen in his book mentioned that disruptive technologies came from a low cost margin and displaced the high-end margin. However, Christensens disruptive technologies or innovations did n

Essay --

Daphne was Apollo's first love. It was not brought about by accident, but by the malice of Cupid. Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and arrows; and being himself elated with his recent victory over Python, he said to him, "What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? Leave them for hands worthy of them, Behold the conquest I have won by means of them over the vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body over acres of the plain! Be content with your torch, child, and kindle up your flames, as you call them, where you will, but presume not to meddle with my weapons." Venus's boy heard these words, and rejoined, "Your arrows may strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you." So saying, he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus, and drew from his quiver two arrows of different workmanship, one to excite love, the other to repel it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed, the latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck the nymph Daphne, the daughter of the river god Peneus, and with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred the thought of loving. Her delight was in woodland sports and in the spoils of the chase. lovers sought her, but she spurned them all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Cupid nor of Hymen. Her father often said to her, "Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law; you owe me grandchildren." She, hating the thought of marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged all over with blushes, threw her arms around her father's neck, and said, "Dearest father, grant me this favour, that I may always remain unmarried, like Diana." He consented, but at the same time said, "Your own face will forbid ... ...ll her limbs; her bosom began to be enclosed in a tender bark; her hair became leaves; her arms became branches; her foot stuck fast in the ground, as a root; her face became a tree-top, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty, Apollo stood amazed. He touched the stem, and felt the flesh tremble under the new bark. He embraced the branches, and lavished kisses on the wood. The branches shrank from his lips. "Since you cannot be my wife," said he, "you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown; I will decorate with you my harp and my quiver; and when the great Roman conquerors lead up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth is mine, you also shall be always green, and your leaf know no decay." The nymph, now changed into a Laurel tree, bowed its head in grateful acknowledgment

Cost Method Paper Essay

Absorption accounting method according to E Notes (n.d.) â€Å"is a method of accounting where all costs of the manufacturing are included and are allocated to the produced units†. This would include fixed, variable and mixed costs. This type of accounting would allow a more accurate figure to supply to upper management about their product and what the bottom line is. This is the most important factor in Absorption accounting. The variable method is beneficial because it provides an output that is closer to the actual cash flow of a business. If a business is short on money this may be a better alternative. Absorption costing is particularly useful for firms that do not sell their entire yield during the manufacturing period, as is the case with Polk. Under absorption costing, the cost of a good is not shown until the good has been sold. This can be a drawback if a portion of the goods produced are not sold, as the company would still have to know the actual price of these tha t were left over. In this case, it would be better to use the absorption method because this method integrates only the operating expense that is due to the 81,300 units sold. The variable method counts fixed overhead as a time expense, meaning that the fixed overhead for this period is calculated on the basis of the 96,100 units produced, if the absorption method is used. The variable method only computes fixed overhead on the foundation of the 81,300 units that were sold. This provides management with a more accurate picture of the yield of the fishing lures. References Absorption Accounting. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.endnotes.com

Ellen Moore †Living and Working in Korea

Ellen Moore – Living and Working in Korea Free Online Research Papers Problem Statement Andrew Kilpatrick has had an argument with Mr. Song, who is blaming Ellen Moore for problems with the project. Andrew is concerned that the project will not be completed on time and he will be held accountable. Analysis The case, Ellen Moore: Living and Working in Korea, is about a system consultant, Ellen Moore that was sent to Korea to manage a project involving consultants from Korea (JVI) and North America (SCG) to represent a joint venture between a North American information technology company (WSI) and a major Korean conglomerate (KCI). Andrew Kilpatrick, Ellen’s superior, had the responsibility about the project, based on his depth of knowledge on the subject and he chose Ellen to be responsible whenever he was absent. After a certain time, Ellen found out that the Korean consultants were less experienced than expected. Besides that, tensions arose between her and the co-manager, J.T. Kim (Jack), regarding who was given directions to the team and they escalated when the project fell behind schedule. In the end like I mentioned in my problem statement, the Korean Mr. Song is blaming Ellen and Andrew needs to decide how to proceed so that the project gets completed. The challenge for this paper is to filter out the individual actions and the strategic goals every character has. Also, I will try to relate the actions to the material we covered in class. Finally, I explain the reasons for their behavior, the impact it has on the project and address in my recommendation how Andrew Kilpatrick can proceed to realize the $3.5 billion project that is due in December successfully. VABEs In the Korean culture there are different values than in the North American culture. Confucian thoughts guide the differences and it has a big impact on vabes of business men or the business etiquette in Korea. Certain actions like the exchange of business cards, to know how to address a Korean by name, or replenishing a colleague’s drink at dinner, involved formal rituals that occur at regular intervals. Ellen learned that it was important to provide and to receive business cards in an appropriate manner. The person who receives the business card should always look over and comment on it before he pockets the card. In North America, you would receive the card then you take a short look and after you put it in your pocket. Contraventions would be mistaken as extremely rude in Korea. This is why Ellen Moore was working hard from the first moment to behave right. From my point of view, Ellen Moore was the right person for this job. She had worked in Bahrain a very difficult cult ure for a woman to gain respect among men and she had high skills in capability, creativity, and project management. Andrew Kilpatrick chose her to be his co-project manager because of her adaptability in countries with different culture values. She tried to copy the Hangul symbols and read the Korean store signs. It seems that she did everything to reduce the cultural barriers and get comfortable with the vabes, values and the overall environment in Korea in order to bring herself in the best position to do a great job on the project. Even if it was hard for her to attend the periodical team building activities apart from their job which were used to strengthen the male bonding under the Korean consultants. Drinking activities while having dinner together, baseball games, and little trips belonged to daily business life in Korea. It was expected that all team members joined the meetings after work and the lunch as well. This created a strong value for teams and social relationships . Through all these activities, the Koreans took care that Confucian thoughts of loyalty to a hierarchical structure of authority and superiors-subordinate relationships (old/young and male/female) are always redeemed. These are two of the main social values which were respected. These values had a big impact on the cooperativeness of Jack to tolerate Ellen. The difficulty was that Ellen was Jack’s counterpart on the North American side and to stay with a woman on the same hierarchy level didn’t fit into Jack’s social values but I would like to go more into depth to a later time in this paper. Norms The differences that were mentioned about the vabes, they exist also for the norms. It is essential in Korea that you don’t provide compliments to someone for work completed as required. As well, it is not appropriate to ask questions because by that you show that your teacher has not done a good job. Contrary to that in North America business men or women give a lot of compliments to show the well performing employee that you respect his performance. Also, you are most likely to ask questions while showing that you are interested in the work. By having these strong differences it is very difficult to acclimatize for a western business person in an environment like that. Another norm for a Korean is not to lose face in front of his/her team members. Also, it is well-known that subordinated do not leave the workplace before the head is gone even the work is done. All this is about the respect for hierarchy, standing and the complete obedience that comes with it to the same time . Needs Jack looks for me like a person who is living the old fashioned, Korean traditions by Confucian who seeks for power and standing. He needs to influence the environment by telling his consultants what to do even if he is unsure what kind of impact this has on the project. A proof for this was the market research study which was not within the scope of the contracted work. He didn’t communicate this command he gave to the consultants to Ellen which shows that he is not a team player and also underlines his need to show power. When someone else stepped into his â€Å"empire†, he became angry. Ellen Moore was the one who invaded into his territory. When he was gone, Ellen Moore had her first opportunity to work with and to lead the Korean consultants on a daily basis. She was very pleased at that moment because she coached them directly, without interference from Jack. She felt that everybody worked together in a very positive manner, in complete alignment. This situation shows that the younger consultants are more open to women in business life and they accept Ellen. Contrary to Jack, who looked angry after he got back from the business trip seeing that everybody worked for Ellen quite well and he couldn’t believe that anyone on the team would refuse his orders to work for a â€Å"woman† instead of following his instructions. Internal-external mindset Jack was not able to throw away his values and beliefs regarding Ellen and the project. He didn’t accept her in his â€Å"own business world†. Even though, she is from a different country and used to other customs, he didn’t let her in his internal system (Reading about Group System Theory). Though she tried to behave right it wasn’t enough to convince his beliefs and assumptions. She changed his external system with her presence and the changes she brought into the project. From this moment on, he felt uncomfortable and competed more instead of working together. Self-Consistency At this point I would like to relate to another reading, which is â€Å"Self-Consistency†. For me, it seems that Jack is not consistent with his own meaning. His self-concept changed after Ellen Moore stepped into the project. It looks for me that she overwhelmed him with her skills to solve problems and he tried to find other ways to compete with her. By bringing up the market research, Jack made a decision without Ellen’s knowledge and deteriorated the situation to a point in which he would compromise the whole project while sticking with his values and beliefs of superiors-subordinate relationships. Away from Jack, I would like to set the focus more on the teams of consultants. Affiliation In view of affiliation, the Korean consultants had a high need. Evidences did I mention before when I talked about the business environment and the Korean business etiquette. Social events, periodical dinner, and team building activities are the occasions to develop the positive relationships with each other on the team. A need to like and be liked by others plays a big role in the mindset of the consultants. Motivation The Korean consultants were motivated by the social model of motivation. As I mentioned in the affiliation part, they believed in the social activities outside their jobs to grow together as a team. They were guided by their norms and beliefs in the loyalty they have to their company. Respect and structure determine their motivation to their team members and the firm. If this model collapses and they loose their respect and the loyalty because of any reason, there will be no motivation anymore. Contrary to the Korean motivation is the motivation of the North American consultant who creates their own motivation including all three models: Psychological, social and economic. If we take Ellen Moore she was guided most likely by the psychological motivation, because of her career to improve personally as a business person who sets herself new goals with every new project. Commitment Commitment was not really present with the Korean consultants. They worked on control-narrowly defined jobs, rule books and they never added input on their work. They worked for getting not fired and drank the whiskey-beer because everybody expected them to do so. Controversy to that, somebody who has an impact on the outcome of the work can build commitment. This is more likely in the North American culture, but not in the Korean. Problems right from the start After focusing on the actions and behavior pattern I would like to direct the attention on the management who were responsible that everything happened the way it did. The project management on the one side represented by Andrew and Ellen and on the other by Mr. Song, Park and Jack did not work suitable together for having a good business relationship. In the reading of â€Å"One-to-one relationships† it is described how problems arise for many different reasons. One person doesn’t act the way the other person likes it and they have a problem. For instance, when Andrew arrived in Korea to request interviews in order to obtain more information about their business environment, the Korean team reacted very reluctant to set up these meetings. Nobody knows what the Korean mangers thought about to convene meetings suddenly. Maybe they assumed that Andrew didn’t prepare. But, the simple reason why they were reluctant was that they are not used to that. For Andrew this is the first thing to do while having a new project. Sitting together, asking questions and talking about the problems. Andrew’s problem was that the translated documents Andrew had only abstract concepts because of the language barrier. Andrew found it essential to ask for further information. The Korean didn’t know about that and reacted reluctant. Unfortunately he became always the same answers although he was not provided with enough information. This represents a bad start because apparent problems can not developed from the start. These communication problems in the beginning lead us to a different aspect I would like to focus on. Every time you work with another company together for a common goal you need to trust the other side. You assume that they know what they are doing. Trust In the reading â€Å"Are your employees bowling alone?† it talks about blind trust which is essential in the first moment while working together with the other company. You tend to trust whom you know well. In this situation, you only have the reputation about the other side and you trust that information that everything works out well. This trust develops over time. After convincing the Koreans that Andrew understands his business, they wanted Andrew to lead the project and to work on a full-time basis. Due to projects in North America Andrew could manage the SI work on a part time basis and send Ellen Moore after requesting if a woman would be accepted in the position. Part-time working on a project of this size is dangerous and can lead to a lack of communication. Another trust situation came up between Ellen and the Korean consultants. She did not feel that Jack was letting her be a part of the team. â€Å"Trust is an expectation that arises within a community of regular, honest, and cooperative behavior, based on commonly shared norms, on the part of other members of that community.† From my point of view this situation described above never really existed between Ellen and the co-workers of Jack. It looked like they worked for the same thing, without Jack, but there was never real trust. Human Moments In â€Å"The Human Moment of Truth† we find the problems Andrew has later in the case in which he lacks communication with Ellen. Andrew misses that the problem between Ellen and Jack escalates and the project gets delayed by a month. Here, there are not enough â€Å"Human Moments† so that the project seems to fail so that Andrew has to end his wilderness camping vacation with his family. Managing Interpersonal Conflict The reason why I refer to this reading is the behavior pattern of the Korean management. First, they accept that Ellen Moore can work as a full-time consultant for Andrew because of Andrew’s other projects in North America and Ellen’s high skills and in the end they change and use Ellen as a scapegoat. Unfortunately the case does not say who gave Andrew the answer that Ellen can do the job. If it would be Mr. Song, Andrew could explain him that he accepted to have a woman in the position and spike Mr. Song on that. Also, he could explain how good the relation and the work climate was when Jack was absent and how it changed at the moment when he got back. Recommendation (My recommendation is based on the fact that Ellen Moore can keep her job.) 1. Due to the one month delay, all participants of the project need to meet in one big meeting to set targets, how the project can be completed on time. By that, they need goals in short-term and in long term. A short term goal might be in a time frame of 2 weeks. Whereas a long term goal would be to see how the work is developing every 6 weeks. Every team needs to get controlled by the managers, and the managers need someone who watches their performance. This can be a person who works for another company or who dealt in the past with consulting projects. Everybody at the meeting needs to know how serious the situation is and that everybody has to work harder to recover the lost time. The management of the company can implement awards to give incentives for people who would like to benefit from the extra work. The management has to communicate to everybody that if everybody pulls the same rope the time problem might be solved. 2. I would organize a trip at the weekend to a nice hotel near a vacation area. This trip includes all North Americans and the consultants, managers who with the Americans together. Here they should solve communication problems and cross culture relation differences. They can not be eliminated, but you can people make to understand each other better. Reasons why people act like that will be explained. This trip can be in China or in another country. The purpose why to meet somewhere else is that everybody gets away from the job and the stress. Arriving on a Friday night at the hotel, they will have to cook together. The Korean will have to cook something typical Korean and the North American something that expresses their culture. Everything is planned ahead so that there are no supply problems. In Germany, we say that love goes through your stomach. By creating together a dinner they will learn that other cultures are different and interesting. This dinner is a start to understand dif ferent cultures and behavior. For the next day there will be hold seminars for understanding each other better. I recommend showing movies about business life in North America and Korea. Also, they will have to go through role playing games in which they have to present a situation in which they had problems with the consultant of the other culture. Additionally, the Koreans get masks with faces of famous North Americans and opposite. This will change the picture everybody has from the foreign consultants and create fun, laughing and change. For the last day, they will have to play some softball/baseball to improve the team spirit. After that, they go on a Jeep Safari and experience some planned adventures. This might create some bonding among the different cultures. Things they can talk about when they sit together at lunch or at dinner. Experiences they can laugh about and which bring the different characters together. 3. Jack and Ellen Moore will have to meet once a week with a psychologist who knows both cultures, to talk about problems that arose. Every Friday they need to spend one or two hours on talking about what went right or wrong the past week. Everything what is said in this meeting will never be communicated to the other employees who work on the project. Nobody can get offended or compromised. 4. Jack and Ellen will have to report once in two weeks to Andrew, Mr. Park and Mr. Song about events, progress, problems, changes and difficulties. 5. I recommend installing three boxes. The first one is for questions of the workers about their work because they won’t change their behavior from one day to another. Ellen Moore has to check the box three times a day. Also, the consultants are required to send emails to Ellen Moore if they have questions. The questions go to Ellen because the consultants are more likely to ask questions to a person from another country so that they are not loosing their faces. The second box is for work environment problems so that there arise no difficulties among the consultants anymore. Ellen and Jack need to check this box at the end of each day together. The third box is to hand in improvement-proposals. The consultants can make suggestions how to improve the work processes of the project. With this tool they get more involved and motivated in the project. Research Papers on Ellen Moore - Living and Working in KoreaThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XResearch Process Part OneMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

If it was me, Mr. President, I’d Get a Grammar Lesson.

If it was me, Mr. President, I’d Get a Grammar Lesson. I have been thinking for some time that I would like to write a blog on the subjunctive.   One of my blog followers, an astute man named Gabe, was kind enough to give me fodder for bringing this topic to the top of my list. For the second time in The Essay Expert’s blogging history, I turn to President Obama’s grammar bloopers.   The first was his incorrect use of â€Å"tenant† when he meant â€Å"tenet† in his speech following the Tucson shootings (The President Makes Grammatical Errors Too!). This week I’m pointing to Obama’s statement about the texting transgressions of Congressman Weiner. Obamas Grammatical Error Said the President, according to many news sources, â€Å"If it was me, I’d resign.† I won’t spend a lot of time explaining that a more proper structure of this sentence would have been, â€Å"If it were me, I’d resign.†Ã‚   Put simply, this is a conditional statement, speaking about an event that is not sure to happen and that did not definitively happen.   Any time you see the word â€Å"if† in a sentence, watch out for the subjunctive.   The correct verb form is most likely â€Å"were.† A good explanation of the subjunctive can be found on EnglishClub.com. I also won’t spend a lot of time harping on the fact that the President used the incorrect form of the pronoun â€Å"me.† The truly correct phrasing would have been, â€Å"If it were I, I would resign.† Note that â€Å"I† is a subject pronoun.   But who really talks like that? Meet The Press:   To Quote or Not to Quote? What interests me most is the way the press handled the situation.   You might remember that when the President said â€Å"tenant† instead of â€Å"tenet† in his Tucson shooting speech, the transcription of his speech corrected his error.   In the Weiner situation the press went to bat for Obama again but not universally.   Ive created a snapshot of press coverage of the issue below. [Challenge to reader:   How many double entendres can you find in the body of this article? If you find one, report it in the comments!] The New York Times Michael Barbaro of The New York Times covered up (or worked around) the President’s grammatical errors as follows in his article, Obama Suggests Weiner Should Resign: President Obama told NBC News that if he were in Representative Anthony D. Weiner’s position, â€Å"I would resign,† according to a senior network executive. Fox In contrast, Fox quoted Obama word for word in their article, Obama Says He Would Resign in Weiners Position: I can tell you that if it was me, I would resign, Obama told Ann Curry in an interview scheduled to air Tuesday on NBCs Today. How many times do you think that one got tweeted? Youtube/Hollyscoop.com Hollyscoop.com, in the midst of making references to porn star names, fixed the subjunctive issue on its youtube video report, but did not touch the improper pronoun: Now the President is saying, â€Å"I can tell you that if it were me I’d resign†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Maybe these folks need a grammar lesson too. Pundit Press Pundit Press left the error waving in the wind, both in the title and body of its article: Title: PRESIDENT OBAMA: If it was me, I would resign. Body: Obama did not call for the resignation of Anthony Weiner, but did say,  I can tell you that if it was me, I would resign. CNN Finally, CNN’s article by Ashley Killough maintains picture perfect grammatical integrity in its headline, Obama On Weiner:   ‘I Would Resign’, but exposes Obama’s actual wording in the text: (CNN) President Barack Obama told NBCs Ann Curry in an interview to air on Tuesdays Today, that if he were in Rep. Anthony Weiners shoes, he would leave Congress. I can tell you that if it was me, I would resign, Obama said. Grammatically correct or not, Obama’s opinion surely had an impact.   Weiner has stepped down, probably due to the uncovering of his lies more than anything else. If you were a reporter, how would you have handled Obama’s grammatical error?   And why did Clinton survive his sex scandal, whereas Weiner was trampled?   The Christian Science Monitor has shed some light on this question in its article, Why Democrats turned on Anthony Weiner, but not Bill Clinton. I suppose we can all be comforted that no one (even The Essay Expert) will push for politicians to step down due to grammatical transgressions. Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinJune 20, 2011 7 Comments Penelope J. says: June 22, 2011 at 3:05 pm Agree with the above comments. Also, Obamas use of the English language is generally correct except for the occasional slip such as this one unlike his predecessor, famous for his grammatical bloopers. For me, its a big relief to have a president who can speak and pronounce (think nucular) English correctly even though Obamas dependence on the er is annoying. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 22, 2011 at 6:25 pm Penelope, I couldnt agree more! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 22, 2011 at 6:23 pm Thanks for your insight Eric. I wonder if Were it me or Were I to would sound stilted. I approve of grammatical errors when necessary to sound conversational. Even If it were I would have sounded a bit high and mighty. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 22, 2011 at 6:24 pm Rita, I agree completely! And it scares me how many educated people do not know the rules of how to start a sentence with a pronoun or pronouns. I do my best to educate when I can! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 22, 2011 at 6:25 pm The Wizard of Oz the answer to all our grammatical troubles!! Love it. Log in to Reply Jarom says: June 23, 2011 at 11:05 am That was an enjoyable post Brenda. 🙂 Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 23, 2011 at 11:32 am Thanks Jarom! Log in to Reply

Discusses the Dream act in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discusses the Dream act in Texas - Essay Example It is fundamentally a legislation ruled on Taxes, as applicable in the US to prevent exploitation of immigrant children from being deprived of the basic amenities essential for a healthy life in the modern phenomenon, implemented with the code SB1819. It was initially sponsored by Texas senators, including Tom Creighton, Lois Kolkhorst and Donna Campbell. Taking into concern the social need of welfare, with the rising numbers of undocumented immigrants, this legislation was enacted (Escalante, â€Å"Fight for the Texas Dream Act Continues†). Undoubtedly, Texas and its social features have a considerably important role to play in the improvisation of the Act, triggering a series of favoring as well as opposing social movements throughout the US. DREAM Act was developed for the purpose of rectifying discrimination of undocumented immigrant children from their educational rights. The primary objectives of this Act have thereafter been emphasizing the legalization of the overall status of undocumented immigrant children residing in Texas (Nakamura, Costa and Fahrenthold, â€Å"Obama announces immigration overhaul shielding 4 million from deportation†). Undoubtedly though, the enactment of the stated legislation had to face many conflicts and hindrances owing to its supposed limitations concerning registration of the undocumented immigrant children and the allocation of national resources to suffice their needs. In order to mitigate these limitations, the various conditions noted to come under the DREAM Act emphasized that immigrant children entering the country, must be at an age of 15 years at least to obtain the benefit and get registered in the public schools of Texas. Besides, the children should have sufficient pro of regarding their presence within the nation for a minimum five years (Escalante, â€Å"Fight for the Texas Dream Act Continues†). Rate of immigration in Texas has

A sustainable nightclub in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

A sustainable nightclub in London - Essay Example These words represent the essence of the challenge of sustainability, which nowadays is one of the major themes in scientific discussions and political debates. The term â€Å"sustainability† was initially coined by agricultural and ecological scientists, they understood it as the â€Å"sustainability of natural ecosystems† and defined as â€Å"the dynamic equilibrium between natural inputs and outputs, modified by external events such as climatic change and natural disasters†. Today the sustainability is understood more broadly; it is generally applied to various socio-economical systems and includes â€Å"the capacity of a system to maintain output at a level approximately equal to or greater than its historical average, with the approximation determined by the historical level of variability†. As one can see from the Meadow’s formulation, the sustainability’s challenge is closely related to the sustainable development, which in its turn is understood as a â€Å"development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations†. Dominski et al suggest one more important meaning of the sustainability as a â€Å"dynamic balance among three mutually interdependent elements: protection and enhancement of natural ecosystems and resources; economic productivity; and provision of social infrastructures such as jobs, housing, education, medical care and cultural opportunities†.